The production increased by 11.4% (10,994.74 U/gds) by up-scaling and using optimized conditions in a pilot-scale fermenter. Further optimization of process parameters showed that the initial moisture content of 64%, pH of 4.5, incubation period of 108 h, and temperature of 32.5 ☌ are optimum conditions for α-amylase production. oryzae, as evident from its maximum α-amylase production of 9868.12 U/gds. The substrate optimization for α-amylase production by the Box –Behnken design of RSM showed GOC as the most suitable substrate for A. The overall cost economics of α-amylase production using a pilot-scale fermenter was also studied. Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and determine the effects of all process parameters on α-amylase production. The effect of pH, incubation period and temperature on α-amylase production using A.

The enzyme was extracted, partially purified, and tested for pH and temperature stability. We cultivated the fungus using these nutrient-rich substrates to produce the enzyme. We produced α-amylase using Aspergillus oryzae and low-cost substrates obtained from edible oil cake, such as groundnut oil cake (GOC), coconut oil cake (COC), sesame oil cake (SOC) by solid-state fermentation. It is estimated that by the end of 2024, the global α-amylase market would reach USD 320.1 million (Grand View Research Inc., 2016). These factors significantly contribute to the global enzyme market. Additionally, the demand for processed and ready-to-eat food has increased because of the rapid growth of food-processing industries in developing economies. Applications of α-amylases in food, feed, and industrial sectors have increased over the years. The use of low-cost substrates to curtail the production cost and reuse solid wastes are seen as viable options for the commercial production of many enzymes. Amylases produced by fungi during solid-state fermentation are the most widely used commercial enzymes to meet the ever-increasing demands of the global enzyme market.

Countour plot vs parametir cplot